From 0a0ceaf7d700b9f8765202bc6e641f5f2058ed24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: adii1823 <64855277+adii1823@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 28 Oct 2021 17:41:38 +0530 Subject: [PATCH] ch14 --- ch14/README.md | 56 ++++ ch14/api_code/.env | 4 + ch14/api_code/api/__init__.py | 1 + ch14/api_code/api/admin.py | 42 +++ ch14/api_code/api/config.py | 11 + ch14/api_code/api/crud.py | 231 ++++++++++++++++ ch14/api_code/api/database.py | 24 ++ ch14/api_code/api/deps.py | 20 ++ ch14/api_code/api/models.py | 181 ++++++++++++ ch14/api_code/api/schemas.py | 118 ++++++++ ch14/api_code/api/stations.py | 122 +++++++++ ch14/api_code/api/tickets.py | 53 ++++ ch14/api_code/api/trains.py | 84 ++++++ ch14/api_code/api/users.py | 146 ++++++++++ ch14/api_code/api/util.py | 54 ++++ ch14/api_code/dummy_data.py | 182 +++++++++++++ ch14/api_code/main.py | 20 ++ ch14/api_code/queries.md | 125 +++++++++ ch14/api_code/train.db | Bin 0 -> 122880 bytes ch14/apic/apic/__init__.py | 1 + ch14/apic/apic/asgi.py | 17 ++ ch14/apic/apic/settings.py | 132 +++++++++ ch14/apic/apic/urls.py | 23 ++ ch14/apic/apic/wsgi.py | 17 ++ ch14/apic/manage.py | 27 ++ ch14/apic/rails/__init__.py | 1 + ch14/apic/rails/admin.py | 4 + ch14/apic/rails/apps.py | 7 + ch14/apic/rails/forms.py | 9 + ch14/apic/rails/migrations/__init__.py | 1 + ch14/apic/rails/models.py | 4 + ch14/apic/rails/static/rails/style.css | 29 ++ ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/arrivals.html | 54 ++++ .../rails/templates/rails/authenticate.html | 21 ++ .../templates/rails/authenticate.result.html | 38 +++ ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/base.html | 17 ++ .../rails/templates/rails/departures.html | 53 ++++ ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/index.html | 26 ++ ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/stations.html | 52 ++++ ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/users.html | 50 ++++ ch14/apic/rails/tests.py | 4 + ch14/apic/rails/urls.py | 32 +++ ch14/apic/rails/views.py | 169 ++++++++++++ ch14/pyproject.toml | 6 + ch14/requirements/dev.in | 5 + ch14/requirements/dev.txt | 256 +++++++++++++++++ ch14/requirements/requirements.in | 8 + ch14/requirements/requirements.txt | 62 +++++ ch14/samples/api.calls/stations.txt | 257 ++++++++++++++++++ ch14/samples/api.calls/users.txt | 12 + ch14/samples/typing.examples.py | 77 ++++++ 51 files changed, 2945 insertions(+) create mode 100644 ch14/README.md create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/.env create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/__init__.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/admin.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/config.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/crud.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/database.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/deps.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/models.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/schemas.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/stations.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/tickets.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/trains.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/users.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/api/util.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/dummy_data.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/main.py create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/queries.md create mode 100644 ch14/api_code/train.db create mode 100644 ch14/apic/apic/__init__.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/apic/asgi.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/apic/settings.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/apic/urls.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/apic/wsgi.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/manage.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/__init__.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/admin.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/apps.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/forms.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/migrations/__init__.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/models.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/static/rails/style.css create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/arrivals.html create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/authenticate.html create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/authenticate.result.html create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/base.html create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/departures.html create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/index.html create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/stations.html create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/users.html create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/tests.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/urls.py create mode 100644 ch14/apic/rails/views.py create mode 100644 ch14/pyproject.toml create mode 100644 ch14/requirements/dev.in create mode 100644 ch14/requirements/dev.txt create mode 100644 ch14/requirements/requirements.in create mode 100644 ch14/requirements/requirements.txt create mode 100644 ch14/samples/api.calls/stations.txt create mode 100644 ch14/samples/api.calls/users.txt create mode 100644 ch14/samples/typing.examples.py diff --git a/ch14/README.md b/ch14/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4b5278 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +# CH14 - Readme + +This chapter is about APIs. You will find three main folders: + +1. `api_code` contains the FastAPI project about Railways +2. `apic` or API Consumer. This is a Django project to show an example on how to talk to an API from another application. +3. `samples`. This folder contains the examples that went in the chapter, so you can ignore it. + +## Setup + +Install requirements with pip from their folder: + + $ pip install -r requirements.txt + +If you want to create your own dummy data, please also install the dev requirements: + + $ pip install -r dev.txt + +To generate a new database with random data: + + $ cd api_code + $ python dummy_data.py + +This will generate a new `train.db` file for you. + +## Running the API + +Open a terminal window, change into the `api_code` folder and type this command: + + $ uvicorn main:app --reload + +The `--reload` flag makes sure uvicorn is reloaded if you make changes to the +source while the app is running. + +## Running the Django consumer + +While the API is running in a terminal, open another terminal window, +change into the `apic` folder, and type the following: + + $ python manage.py migrate # only the first time, to generate the django db + +Once migrations have been applied, run this to start the app: + + $ python manage.py runserver 8080 + +We need to specify a port for Django that is not 8000 (its normal default), +since the API is running on that one. + +When the Django app is running, open a browser and go to: http://localhost:8080 + +You should see the welcome page of the Railways app. From there you can navigate using links. + +In the authentication section, you can use these credentials to authenticate: + + username: fabrizio.romano@example.com + password: f4bPassword diff --git a/ch14/api_code/.env b/ch14/api_code/.env new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8011cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/.env @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# api_code/.env +SECRET_KEY="ec604d5610ac4668a44418711be8251f" +DEBUG=false +API_VERSION=1.0.0 diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/__init__.py b/ch14/api_code/api/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d340baa --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# api_code/api/__init__.py diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/admin.py b/ch14/api_code/api/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..766d34f --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# api_code/api/admin.py +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import ( + APIRouter, + Depends, + Header, + HTTPException, + Response, + status, +) +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import crud +from .deps import Settings, get_db, get_settings +from .util import is_admin + +router = APIRouter(prefix="/admin") + + +def ensure_admin(settings: Settings, authorization: str): + if not is_admin( + settings=settings, authorization=authorization + ): + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail=f"You must be an admin to access this endpoint.", + ) + + +@router.delete("/stations/{station_id}", tags=["Admin"]) +def admin_delete_station( + station_id: int, + authorization: Optional[str] = Header(None), + settings: Settings = Depends(get_settings), + db: Session = Depends(get_db), +): + ensure_admin(settings, authorization) + row_count = crud.delete_station(db=db, station_id=station_id) + if row_count: + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/config.py b/ch14/api_code/api/config.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a8fe74 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/config.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# api_code/api/config.py +from pydantic import BaseSettings + + +class Settings(BaseSettings): + secret_key: str + debug: bool + api_version: str + + class Config: + env_file = ".env" diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/crud.py b/ch14/api_code/api/crud.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ccdb93 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/crud.py @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ +# api_code/api/crud.py +from datetime import datetime, timezone + +from sqlalchemy import delete, update +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, aliased + +from . import models, schemas + +# USERS + + +def get_users(db: Session, email: str = None): + q = db.query(models.User) + if email is not None: + q = q.filter(models.User.email.ilike(f"%{email}%")) + return q.all() + + +def get_user(db: Session, user_id: int): + return ( + db.query(models.User) + .filter(models.User.id == user_id) + .first() + ) + + +def get_user_by_email(db: Session, email: str): + return ( + db.query(models.User) + .filter(models.User.email.ilike(email)) + .first() + ) + + +def create_user( + db: Session, user: schemas.UserCreate, user_id: int = None +): + hashed_password = models.User.hash_password(user.password) + user_dict = { + **user.dict(exclude_unset=True), + "password": hashed_password, + } + if user_id is not None: + user_dict.update({"id": user_id}) + db_user = models.User(**user_dict) + db.add(db_user) + db.commit() + db.refresh(db_user) + return db_user + + +def update_user( + db: Session, user: schemas.UserUpdate, user_id: int +): + user_dict = { + **user.dict(exclude_unset=True), + } + if user.password is not None: + user_dict.update( + {"password": models.User.hash_password(user.password)} + ) + stm = ( + update(models.User) + .where(models.User.id == user_id) + .values(user_dict) + ) + result = db.execute(stm) + db.commit() + return result.rowcount + + +def delete_user(db: Session, user_id: int): + stm = delete(models.User).where(models.User.id == user_id) + result = db.execute(stm) + db.commit() + return result.rowcount + + +# STATIONS + + +def get_stations(db: Session, code: str = None): + q = db.query(models.Station) + if code is not None: + q = q.filter(models.Station.code.ilike(code)) + return q.all() + + +def get_station(db: Session, station_id: int): + return ( + db.query(models.Station) + .filter(models.Station.id == station_id) + .first() + ) + + +def get_station_by_code(db: Session, code: str): + return ( + db.query(models.Station) + .filter(models.Station.code.ilike(code)) + .first() + ) + + +def create_station( + db: Session, + station: schemas.StationCreate, +): + db_station = models.Station(**station.dict()) + db.add(db_station) + db.commit() + db.refresh(db_station) + return db_station + + +def update_station( + db: Session, station: schemas.StationUpdate, station_id: int +): + stm = ( + update(models.Station) + .where(models.Station.id == station_id) + .values(station.dict(exclude_unset=True)) + ) + result = db.execute(stm) + db.commit() + return result.rowcount + + +def delete_station(db: Session, station_id: int): + stm = delete(models.Station).where( + models.Station.id == station_id + ) + result = db.execute(stm) + db.commit() + return result.rowcount + + +# TRAINS + + +def get_trains( + db: Session, + station_from_code: str = None, + station_to_code: str = None, + include_all: bool = False, +): + q = db.query(models.Train) + + if station_from_code is not None: + st_from = aliased(models.Station) + q = q.join(st_from, models.Train.station_from) + q = q.filter(st_from.code.ilike(f"%{station_from_code}%")) + + if station_to_code is not None: + st_to = aliased(models.Station) + q = q.join(st_to, models.Train.station_to) + q = q.filter(st_to.code.ilike(f"%{station_to_code}%")) + + if not include_all: + now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) + q = q.filter(models.Train.departs_at > now) + + return q.all() + + +def get_train(db: Session, train_id: int): + return ( + db.query(models.Train) + .filter(models.Train.id == train_id) + .first() + ) + + +def get_train_by_name(db: Session, name: str): + return ( + db.query(models.Train) + .filter(models.Train.name == name) + .first() + ) + + +def create_train(db: Session, train: schemas.TrainCreate): + train_dict = train.dict(exclude_unset=True) + db_train = models.Train(**train_dict) + db.add(db_train) + db.commit() + db.refresh(db_train) + return db_train + + +def delete_train(db: Session, train_id: int): + stm = delete(models.Train).where(models.Train.id == train_id) + result = db.execute(stm) + db.commit() + return result.rowcount + + +# TICKETS + + +def get_tickets(db: Session): + return db.query(models.Ticket).all() + + +def get_ticket(db: Session, ticket_id: int): + return ( + db.query(models.Ticket) + .filter(models.Ticket.id == ticket_id) + .first() + ) + + +def create_ticket(db: Session, ticket: schemas.TicketCreate): + ticket_dict = ticket.dict(exclude_unset=True) + ticket_dict.update( + {"created_at": datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)} + ) + db_ticket = models.Ticket(**ticket_dict) + db.add(db_ticket) + db.commit() + db.refresh(db_ticket) + return db_ticket + + +def delete_ticket(db: Session, ticket_id: int): + stm = delete(models.Ticket).where( + models.Ticket.id == ticket_id + ) + result = db.execute(stm) + db.commit() + return result.rowcount diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/database.py b/ch14/api_code/api/database.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a806331 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/database.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# api_code/api/database.py +from sqlalchemy import create_engine +from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base +from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + +from .config import Settings + +settings = Settings() + + +DB_URL = "sqlite:///train.db" + + +engine = create_engine( + DB_URL, + connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}, + echo=settings.debug, # when debug is True, queries are logged +) + +SessionLocal = sessionmaker( + autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine +) + +Base = declarative_base() diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/deps.py b/ch14/api_code/api/deps.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..27aff14 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/deps.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# api_code/api/deps.py +from functools import lru_cache + +from .config import Settings +from .database import SessionLocal + + +def get_db(): + """Return a DB Session.""" + db = SessionLocal() + try: + yield db + finally: + db.close() + + +@lru_cache +def get_settings(): + """Return the app settings.""" + return Settings() diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/models.py b/ch14/api_code/api/models.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5584820 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +# api_code/api/models.py +import enum +import hashlib +import os +import secrets + +from sqlalchemy import ( + Column, + DateTime, + Enum, + Float, + ForeignKey, + Integer, + Unicode, +) +from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship + +from .database import Base + +UNICODE_LEN = 128 +SALT_LEN = 64 + +# Enums + + +class Classes(str, enum.Enum): + first = "first" + second = "second" + + +class Roles(str, enum.Enum): + admin = "admin" + passenger = "passenger" + + +# Models + + +class Station(Base): + __tablename__ = "station" + + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + code = Column( + Unicode(UNICODE_LEN), nullable=False, unique=True + ) + country = Column(Unicode(UNICODE_LEN), nullable=False) + city = Column(Unicode(UNICODE_LEN), nullable=False) + + departures = relationship( + "Train", + foreign_keys="[Train.station_from_id]", + back_populates="station_from", + ) + arrivals = relationship( + "Train", + foreign_keys="[Train.station_to_id]", + back_populates="station_to", + ) + + def __repr__(self): + return f"<{self.code}: id={self.id} city={self.city}>" + + __str__ = __repr__ + + +class Train(Base): + __tablename__ = "train" + + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + name = Column(Unicode(UNICODE_LEN), nullable=False) + + station_from_id = Column( + ForeignKey("station.id"), nullable=False + ) + station_from = relationship( + "Station", + foreign_keys=[station_from_id], + back_populates="departures", + ) + + station_to_id = Column( + ForeignKey("station.id"), nullable=False + ) + station_to = relationship( + "Station", + foreign_keys=[station_to_id], + back_populates="arrivals", + ) + + departs_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False) + arrives_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False) + + first_class = Column(Integer, default=0, nullable=False) + second_class = Column(Integer, default=0, nullable=False) + seats_per_car = Column(Integer, default=0, nullable=False) + + tickets = relationship("Ticket", back_populates="train") + + def __repr__(self): + return f"<{self.name}: id={self.id}>" + + __str__ = __repr__ + + +class Ticket(Base): + __tablename__ = "ticket" + + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False) + user_id = Column(ForeignKey("user.id"), nullable=False) + user = relationship( + "User", foreign_keys=[user_id], back_populates="tickets" + ) + + train_id = Column(ForeignKey("train.id"), nullable=False) + train = relationship( + "Train", foreign_keys=[train_id], back_populates="tickets" + ) + + price = Column(Float, default=0, nullable=False) + car_class = Column(Enum(Classes), nullable=False) + + def __repr__(self): + return ( + f"" + ) + + __str__ = __repr__ + + +class User(Base): + __tablename__ = "user" + + pwd_separator = "#" + + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + full_name = Column(Unicode(UNICODE_LEN), nullable=False) + email = Column(Unicode(256), nullable=False, unique=True) + password = Column(Unicode(256), nullable=False) + role = Column(Enum(Roles), nullable=False) + + tickets = relationship("Ticket", back_populates="user") + + def is_valid_password(self, password: str): + """Tell if password matches the one stored in DB.""" + salt, stored_hash = self.password.split( + self.pwd_separator + ) + _, computed_hash = _hash( + password=password, salt=bytes.fromhex(salt) + ) + return secrets.compare_digest(stored_hash, computed_hash) + + @classmethod + def hash_password(cls, password: str, salt: bytes = None): + salt, hashed = _hash(password=password, salt=salt) + return f"{salt}{cls.pwd_separator}{hashed}" + + def __repr__(self): + return ( + f"<{self.full_name}: id={self.id} " + f"role={self.role.name}>" + ) + + __str__ = __repr__ + + +def _hash(password: str, salt: bytes = None): + if salt is None: + salt = os.urandom(SALT_LEN) + iterations = 100 # should be at least 100k for SHA-256 + + hashed = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac( + "sha256", + password.encode("utf-8"), + salt, + iterations, + dklen=128, + ) + + return salt.hex(), hashed.hex() diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/schemas.py b/ch14/api_code/api/schemas.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a8b925 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/schemas.py @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +# api_code/api/schemas.py +from datetime import datetime +from typing import Optional + +from pydantic import BaseModel + +from . import models + +# USERS + + +class Auth(BaseModel): + email: str + password: str + + +class AuthToken(BaseModel): + token: str + + +class UserBase(BaseModel): + full_name: str + email: str + role: models.Roles + + +class User(UserBase): + id: int + + class Config: + orm_mode = True + use_enum_values = True + + +class UserCreate(UserBase): + password: str + + +class UserUpdate(UserBase): + full_name: Optional[str] = None + email: Optional[str] = None + password: Optional[str] = None + role: Optional[models.Roles] = None + + +# STATIONS + + +class StationBase(BaseModel): + code: str + country: str + city: str + + +class Station(StationBase): + id: int + + class Config: + orm_mode = True + + +class StationCreate(StationBase): + pass + + +class StationUpdate(StationBase): + code: Optional[str] = None + country: Optional[str] = None + city: Optional[str] = None + + +# TRAINS + + +class TrainBase(BaseModel): + name: str + station_from: Optional[Station] = None + station_to: Optional[Station] = None + departs_at: datetime + arrives_at: datetime + first_class: int + second_class: int + seats_per_car: int + + +class Train(TrainBase): + id: int + + class Config: + orm_mode = True + + +class TrainCreate(TrainBase): + station_from_id: int + station_to_id: int + + +# TICKETS + + +class TicketBase(BaseModel): + user_id: int + train_id: int + price: float + car_class: models.Classes + + +class Ticket(TicketBase): + id: int + created_at: datetime + + class Config: + orm_mode = True + use_enum_values = True + + +class TicketCreate(TicketBase): + pass diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/stations.py b/ch14/api_code/api/stations.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d83854 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/stations.py @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +# api_code/api/stations.py +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import ( + APIRouter, + Depends, + HTTPException, + Response, + status, +) +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import crud +from .deps import get_db +from .schemas import Station, StationCreate, StationUpdate, Train + +router = APIRouter(prefix="/stations") + + +@router.get("", response_model=list[Station], tags=["Stations"]) +def get_stations( + db: Session = Depends(get_db), code: Optional[str] = None +): + return crud.get_stations(db=db, code=code) + + +@router.get( + "/{station_id}", response_model=Station, tags=["Stations"] +) +def get_station(station_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_station = crud.get_station(db=db, station_id=station_id) + if db_station is None: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=404, + detail=f"Station {station_id} not found.", + ) + return db_station + + +@router.get( + "/{station_id}/departures", + response_model=list[Train], + tags=["Trains"], +) +def get_station_departures( + station_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + db_station = _get_station(db=db, station_id=station_id) + return db_station.departures + + +def _get_station(db: Session, station_id: int): + db_station = crud.get_station(db=db, station_id=station_id) + if db_station is None: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=404, + detail=f"Station {station_id} not found.", + ) + return db_station + + +@router.get( + "/{station_id}/arrivals", + response_model=list[Train], + tags=["Trains"], +) +def get_station_arrivals( + station_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + db_station = _get_station(db=db, station_id=station_id) + return db_station.arrivals + + +@router.post( + "", + response_model=Station, + status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, + tags=["Stations"], +) +def create_station( + station: StationCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + db_station = crud.get_station_by_code( + db=db, code=station.code + ) + if db_station: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=400, + detail=f"Station {station.code} already exists.", + ) + return crud.create_station(db=db, station=station) + + +@router.put("/{station_id}", tags=["Stations"]) +def update_station( + station_id: int, + station: StationUpdate, + db: Session = Depends(get_db), +): + db_station = crud.get_station(db=db, station_id=station_id) + + if db_station is None: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=404, + detail=f"Station {station_id} not found.", + ) + + else: + crud.update_station( + db=db, station=station, station_id=station_id + ) + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) + + +@router.delete("/{station_id}", tags=["Stations"]) +def delete_station( + station_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + row_count = crud.delete_station(db=db, station_id=station_id) + if row_count: + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/tickets.py b/ch14/api_code/api/tickets.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39f6ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/tickets.py @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# api_code/api/tickets.py +from fastapi import ( + APIRouter, + Depends, + HTTPException, + Response, + status, +) +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import crud +from .deps import get_db +from .schemas import Ticket, TicketCreate + +router = APIRouter(prefix="/tickets") + + +@router.get("", response_model=list[Ticket], tags=["Tickets"]) +def get_tickets(db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + return crud.get_tickets(db=db) + + +@router.get( + "/{ticket_id}", response_model=Ticket, tags=["Tickets"] +) +def get_ticket(ticket_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_ticket = crud.get_ticket(db=db, ticket_id=ticket_id) + if db_ticket is None: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=404, + detail=f"Ticket {ticket_id} not found.", + ) + return db_ticket + + +@router.post( + "", + response_model=Ticket, + status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, + tags=["Tickets"], +) +def create_ticket( + ticket: TicketCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + return crud.create_ticket(db=db, ticket=ticket) + + +@router.delete("/{ticket_id}", tags=["Tickets"]) +def delete_ticket(ticket_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + row_count = crud.delete_ticket(db=db, ticket_id=ticket_id) + if row_count: + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/trains.py b/ch14/api_code/api/trains.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f5aa3b --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/trains.py @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# api_code/api/trains.py +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import ( + APIRouter, + Depends, + HTTPException, + Response, + status, +) +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import crud +from .deps import get_db +from .schemas import Ticket, Train, TrainCreate + +router = APIRouter(prefix="/trains") + + +@router.get("", response_model=list[Train], tags=["Trains"]) +def get_trains( + db: Session = Depends(get_db), + station_from_code: str = None, + station_to_code: str = None, + include_all: Optional[bool] = False, +): + return crud.get_trains( + db=db, + station_from_code=station_from_code, + station_to_code=station_to_code, + include_all=include_all, + ) + + +@router.get("/{train_id}", response_model=Train, tags=["Trains"]) +def get_train(train_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_train = crud.get_train(db=db, train_id=train_id) + if db_train is None: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=404, detail=f"Train {train_id} not found." + ) + return db_train + + +@router.get( + "/{train_id}/tickets", + response_model=list[Ticket], + tags=["Tickets"], +) +def get_train_tickets( + train_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + db_train = crud.get_train(db=db, train_id=train_id) + if db_train is None: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=404, detail=f"Train {train_id} not found." + ) + return db_train.tickets + + +@router.post( + "", + response_model=Train, + status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, + tags=["Trains"], +) +def create_train( + train: TrainCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + db_train = crud.get_train_by_name(db=db, name=train.name) + if db_train: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=400, + detail=f"Train {train.name} already exists.", + ) + return crud.create_train(db=db, train=train) + + +@router.delete("/{train_id}", tags=["Trains"]) +def delete_user(train_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + row_count = crud.delete_train(db=db, train_id=train_id) + if row_count: + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/users.py b/ch14/api_code/api/users.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..980933a --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/users.py @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +# api_code/api/users.py +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import ( + APIRouter, + Depends, + HTTPException, + Response, + status, +) +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import crud +from .deps import Settings, get_db, get_settings +from .schemas import ( + Auth, + AuthToken, + Ticket, + User, + UserCreate, + UserUpdate, +) +from .util import InvalidToken, create_token, extract_payload + +router = APIRouter(prefix="/users") + + +@router.get("", response_model=list[User], tags=["Users"]) +def get_users( + db: Session = Depends(get_db), email: Optional[str] = None +): + return crud.get_users(db=db, email=email) + + +@router.get("/{user_id}", response_model=User, tags=["Users"]) +def get_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user(db=db, user_id=user_id) + if db_user is None: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, + detail=f"User {user_id} not found.", + ) + return db_user + + +@router.get( + "/{user_id}/tickets", + response_model=list[Ticket], + tags=["Users"], +) +def get_user_tickets(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user(db=db, user_id=user_id) + if db_user is None: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, + detail=f"User {user_id} not found.", + ) + return db_user.tickets + + +@router.post( + "", + response_model=User, + status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, + tags=["Users"], +) +def create_user(user: UserCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user_by_email(db=db, email=user.email) + if db_user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST, + detail=f"User {user.email} already exists.", + ) + return crud.create_user(db=db, user=user) + + +@router.put("/{user_id}", response_model=User, tags=["Users"]) +def update_user( + user_id: int, user: UserUpdate, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + db_user = crud.get_user(db=db, user_id=user_id) + + if db_user is None: + db_user = crud.get_user_by_email(db, user.email) + + if db_user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST, + detail=f"User {user.email} already exists.", + ) + + else: + crud.create_user(db=db, user=user, user_id=user_id) + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) + + else: + crud.update_user(db=db, user=user, user_id=user_id) + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) + + +@router.delete("/{user_id}", tags=["Users"]) +def delete_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + row_count = crud.delete_user(db=db, user_id=user_id) + if row_count: + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) + return Response(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) + + +@router.post("/authenticate", tags=["Auth"]) +def authenticate( + auth: Auth, + db: Session = Depends(get_db), + settings: Settings = Depends(get_settings), +): + db_user = crud.get_user_by_email(db=db, email=auth.email) + if db_user is None: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, + detail=f"User {auth.email} not found.", + ) + + if not db_user.is_valid_password(auth.password): + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Wrong username/password.", + ) + + payload = { + "email": auth.email, + "role": db_user.role.value, + } + return create_token(payload, settings.secret_key) + + +@router.post("/validate_token", tags=["Auth"]) +def validate_token( + auth: AuthToken, + settings: Settings = Depends(get_settings), +): + try: + return extract_payload(auth.token, settings.secret_key) + except InvalidToken as err: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST, + detail=f"Invalid token: {err}", + ) diff --git a/ch14/api_code/api/util.py b/ch14/api_code/api/util.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6863040 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/api/util.py @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# api_code/api/util.py +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import Optional + +import jwt +from jwt.exceptions import PyJWTError + +from .deps import Settings + +ALGORITHM = "HS256" + + +class InvalidToken(Exception): + pass + + +def create_token(payload: dict, key: str): + now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) + data = { + "iat": now, + "exp": now + timedelta(hours=24), + **payload, + } + return jwt.encode(data, key, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + + +def extract_payload(token: str, key: str): + try: + return jwt.decode(token, key, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + except PyJWTError as err: + raise InvalidToken(str(err)) + + +def is_admin( + settings: Settings, authorization: Optional[str] = None +): + if authorization is None: + return False + + partition_key = ( + "Bearer" if "Bearer" in authorization else "bearer" + ) + + *dontcare, token = authorization.partition( + f"{partition_key} " + ) + token = token.strip() + + try: + payload = extract_payload(token, settings.secret_key) + except InvalidToken: + return False + else: + return payload.get("role") == "admin" diff --git a/ch14/api_code/dummy_data.py b/ch14/api_code/dummy_data.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88e2bfb --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/dummy_data.py @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +# api_code/dummy_data.py +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from pathlib import Path +from random import choice, randint, random + +from api.models import ( + Base, + Classes, + Roles, + Station, + Ticket, + Train, + User, +) +from faker import Faker +from sqlalchemy import create_engine +from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + +DB_URL = "sqlite:///train.db" +engine = create_engine(DB_URL) + + +def new_db(filename): + db_file = Path(filename) + db_file.unlink(missing_ok=True) + + # then create a fresh DB + Base.metadata.create_all(engine) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + new_db("train.db") + + Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) + session = Session() + + fake = Faker() + + # USERS + + NUM_USERS = 100 + NUM_TICKETS = 300 + NUM_TRAINS = 300 + + class_choices = [c for c in Classes] + + users = [ + User( + id=0, + full_name="Fabrizio Romano", + email="fabrizio.romano@example.com", + password=User.hash_password("f4bPassword"), + role=Roles.admin, + ) + ] + + for user_id in range(1, NUM_USERS + 1): + users.append( + User( + id=user_id, + full_name=fake.name(), + email=fake.safe_email(), + password=User.hash_password(fake.password()), + role=Roles.passenger, + ) + ) + + session.bulk_save_objects(users) + session.commit() + + # STATIONS + + stations = [ + Station(id=0, code="ROM", country="Italy", city="Rome"), + Station(id=1, code="PAR", country="France", city="Paris"), + Station(id=2, code="LDN", country="UK", city="London"), + Station(id=3, code="KYV", country="Ukraine", city="Kyiv"), + Station( + id=4, code="STK", country="Sweden", city="Stockholm" + ), + Station( + id=5, code="WSW", country="Poland", city="Warsaw" + ), + Station( + id=6, code="MSK", country="Russia", city="Moskow" + ), + Station( + id=7, + code="AMD", + country="Netherlands", + city="Amsterdam", + ), + Station( + id=8, code="EDB", country="Scotland", city="Edinburgh" + ), + Station( + id=9, code="BDP", country="Hungary", city="Budapest" + ), + Station( + id=10, code="BCR", country="Romania", city="Bucharest" + ), + Station( + id=11, code="SFA", country="Bulgaria", city="Sofia" + ), + ] + + session.bulk_save_objects(stations) + session.commit() + + # TRAINS + + trains = [] + now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) + HOUR = 60 * 60 + DAY = 24 * HOUR + TEN_DAYS = 10 * DAY + + for train_id in range(NUM_TRAINS): + station_ids = list(range(len(stations))) + station_from = choice(station_ids) + station_ids.remove(station_from) + station_to = choice(station_ids) + + name = f"{stations[station_from].city} -> {stations[station_to].city}" + departure = now + timedelta( + seconds=randint(-TEN_DAYS, TEN_DAYS) + ) + arrival = departure + timedelta( + seconds=randint(HOUR, DAY) + ) + + trains.append( + Train( + id=train_id, + name=name, + station_from_id=station_from, + station_to_id=station_to, + departs_at=departure, + arrives_at=arrival, + first_class=randint(0, 5), + second_class=randint(1, 10), + seats_per_car=choice([10, 25, 40]), + ) + ) + + session.bulk_save_objects(trains) + session.commit() + + # TICKETS + + tickets = [] + classes = [c for c in Classes] + MIN_PRICE = 5 + MAX_PRICE = 200 + + for ticket_id in range(NUM_TICKETS): + price = round( + float(randint(MIN_PRICE, MAX_PRICE)) + + randint(0, 1) * random(), + 2, + ) + tickets.append( + Ticket( + id=ticket_id, + created_at=now + + timedelta(seconds=randint(-TEN_DAYS, -HOUR)), + user_id=choice( + range(len(users) - 1) + ), # last user has no tickets + train_id=choice( + range(len(trains) - 1) + ), # last train has no tickets + price=price, + car_class=choice(classes), + ) + ) + + session.bulk_save_objects(tickets) + session.commit() + + print("done") diff --git a/ch14/api_code/main.py b/ch14/api_code/main.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..154f03e --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# api_code/main.py +from api import admin, config, stations, tickets, trains, users +from fastapi import FastAPI + +settings = config.Settings() + +app = FastAPI() + +app.include_router(admin.router) +app.include_router(stations.router) +app.include_router(trains.router) +app.include_router(users.router) +app.include_router(tickets.router) + + +@app.get("/") +def root(): + return { + "message": f"Welcome to version {settings.api_version} of our API" + } diff --git a/ch14/api_code/queries.md b/ch14/api_code/queries.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f910bc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/api_code/queries.md @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +# HTTP queries + +These are example queries that exercise the API. + +Try all of them, especially those that create or delete resources, +should be tried twice, consecutively, so you can also see the error +messages that the API will return. + + *Note*: You must install [httpie](https://httpie.io) to run the + queries below. + + +## Root + +### GET + + http http://localhost:8000 + + +## Users + +### GET + + http http://localhost:8000/users + + http http://localhost:8000/users/0 + + http http://localhost:8000/users/0/tickets + +### POST + + http POST http://localhost:8000/users full_name="John Doe" email="john.doe@example.com" password="johndoe" role="passenger" + + http POST http://localhost:8000/users/authenticate email="fabrizio.romano@example.com" password="f4bPassword" + + http POST http://localhost:8000/users/validate_token token="..." + +### PUT + + http PUT http://localhost:8000/users/101 full_name="Fabrizio Romano" email="fab109@example.com" password="something" role="admin" + +Also available partial updates: + + http PUT http://localhost:8000/users/101 role="passenger" + +### DELETE + + http DELETE http://localhost:8000/users/101 + + +## Stations + +### GET + + http http://localhost:8000/stations + + http http://localhost:8000/stations?code=LDN + + http http://localhost:8000/stations/0 + + http http://localhost:8000/stations/0/departures + + http http://localhost:8000/stations/0/arrivals + +### POST + + http POST http://localhost:8000/stations code=TMP country=Temporary-Country city=tmp-city + +### PUT + + http PUT http://localhost:8000/stations/12 code=SMC country=Some-Country city=Some-city + +Also available partial updates: + + http PUT http://localhost:8000/stations/12 code=xxx + +### DELETE + + http DELETE http://localhost:8000/stations/12 + + +## Trains + +### GET + + http http://localhost:8000/trains + + http http://localhost:8000/trains?station_from_code=BCR + http http://localhost:8000/trains?station_to_code=STK + http "http://localhost:8000/trains?station_from_code=STK&station_to_code=AMD" + http "http://localhost:8000/trains?station_from_code=STK&station_to_code=AMD&include_all=True" + + http http://localhost:8000/trains/0 + +### POST + + http POST http://localhost:8000/trains name="Pendolino" first_class=2 second_class=4 seats_per_car=8 station_from_id=0 station_to_id=3 arrives_at="2021-08-18T11:33:20" departs_at="2021-08-18T09:55:20" + +### DELETE + + http DELETE http://localhost:8000/trains/300 + + +## Tickets + +### GET + + http http://localhost:8000/tickets + + http http://localhost:8000/tickets/0 + +### POST + + http POST http://localhost:8000/tickets user_id=0 train_id=0 price=19.84 car_class="first" + +### DELETE + + http DELETE http://localhost:8000/tickets/300 + + +## Admin + +### GET + + http DELETE http://localhost:8000/admin/stations/10 Authorization:"Bearer admin.token.here" diff --git a/ch14/api_code/train.db b/ch14/api_code/train.db new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f44ae6110374ac9121f85fd1ca688b01cf6bc201 GIT binary patch literal 122880 zcmeF)3y@^zbszSbo!yO3lQY(`{>6~BzFNU-T=W}02D;h)a~21 zu>;J`fHSj%7M4n;AUiJGD#el_MOI0QC?`?L63a^D#Ia(>Rua3UvLi>2SauSXF(S2e&6}d`Jewe-~YSxsi)R=>($}b_LXvX zHJf|O-2D99xz*LVxw&Khd!PTtzYhCL{5SqJKmN;`{CRBd!|>fO=riw|AAaQ?XqtIwT(@Tm){qo1wbyS%hMSbhAN=Po>Y;o|BupL}lh 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b/ch14/apic/apic/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5636e4e --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/apic/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# apic/apic/asgi.py +""" +ASGI config for apic project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "apic.settings") + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/ch14/apic/apic/settings.py b/ch14/apic/apic/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a0db1f --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/apic/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +# apic/apic/settings.py +""" +Django settings for apic project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.6. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = "django-insecure-98u5ntukr@mo0e5c*ve+8bk5$i3lr+4n4gc^@=b-7c*j_lyxa(" + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + "rails.apps.RailsConfig", + "django.contrib.admin", + "django.contrib.auth", + "django.contrib.contenttypes", + "django.contrib.sessions", + "django.contrib.messages", + "django.contrib.staticfiles", +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware", + "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware", + "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware", + "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware", + "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware", + "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware", + "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware", +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = "apic.urls" + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates", + "DIRS": [], + "APP_DIRS": True, + "OPTIONS": { + "context_processors": [ + "django.template.context_processors.debug", + "django.template.context_processors.request", + "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth", + "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages", + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = "apic.wsgi.application" + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + "default": { + "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3", + "NAME": BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3", + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator", + }, + { + "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator", + }, + { + "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator", + }, + { + "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator", + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us" + +TIME_ZONE = "UTC" + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_L10N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = "/static/" + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField" + + +# API Settings + +BASE_API_URL = "http://localhost:8000" diff --git a/ch14/apic/apic/urls.py b/ch14/apic/apic/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0504846 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/apic/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# apic/apic/urls.py +"""apic URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import include, path + +urlpatterns = [ + path("", include("rails.urls")), + path("admin/", admin.site.urls), +] diff --git a/ch14/apic/apic/wsgi.py b/ch14/apic/apic/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbd65e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/apic/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# apic/apic/wsgi.py +""" +WSGI config for apic project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "apic.settings") + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/ch14/apic/manage.py b/ch14/apic/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..840e1fc --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# apic/manage.py +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault( + "DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "apic.settings" + ) + try: + from django.core.management import ( + execute_from_command_line, + ) + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/__init__.py b/ch14/apic/rails/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c4b09f --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# apic/rails/__init__.py diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/admin.py b/ch14/apic/rails/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b779a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# apic/rails/admin.py +from django.contrib import admin + +# Register your models here. diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/apps.py b/ch14/apic/rails/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ae70aa --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# apic/rails/apps.py +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class RailsConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField" + name = "rails" diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/forms.py b/ch14/apic/rails/forms.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e93025 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/forms.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# apic/rails/forms.py +from django import forms + + +class AuthenticateForm(forms.Form): + email = forms.EmailField(max_length=256, label="Username") + password = forms.CharField( + label="Password", widget=forms.PasswordInput + ) diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/migrations/__init__.py b/ch14/apic/rails/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd79fa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/migrations/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# apic/rails/migrations/__init__.py diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/models.py b/ch14/apic/rails/models.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e73e427 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# apic/rails/models.py +from django.db import models + +# Create your models here. diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/static/rails/style.css b/ch14/apic/rails/static/rails/style.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f52987f --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/static/rails/style.css @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +body { + font-family: "Georgia", Times, serif; +} + +.bg_color1 { + background-color: lightsteelblue; + padding: 0.1em 0 0.1em 0.8em; +} + +.bg_color2 { + background-color:whitesmoke; + padding: 0.1em 0 0.1em 0.8em; +} + +.footer { + padding-top: 1em; +} + +a { + color: #333; +} + +a:hover { + color:steelblue; +} + +.error { + color:darkred; +} diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/arrivals.html b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/arrivals.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4338925 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/arrivals.html @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +{% extends "rails/base.html" %} + +{% block title %}Arrivals{% endblock %} + +{% block content %} + +{% if arrivals %} +

Arrivals to {{ arrivals.0.station_to.city }} ({{ arrivals.0.station_to.code }})

+{% endif %} + +{% for arv in arrivals %} + +
+

{{ arv.name }}

+

+ Departs at: {{ arv.departs_at }}
+ Arrives at: {{ arv.arrives_at }}
+ Cars: {{ arv.first_class}} FC, + {{ arv.second_class }} SC + ({{ arv.seats_per_car }} seats/car) +

+
+ +{% empty %} + + {% if error %} + +
+

Error

+

There was a problem connecting to the API.

+ {{ error }} +

+ (The above error is shown to the user as an example. + For security reasons these errors are normally hidden from the user) +

+
+ + {% else %} + +
+

There are no arrivals available at this time.

+
+ + {% endif %} + +{% endfor %} + +{% endblock %} + +{% block footer %} +
+ Back to stations +
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/authenticate.html b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/authenticate.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2efd969 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/authenticate.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +{% extends "rails/base.html" %} + +{% block title %}Authentication{% endblock %} + +{% block content %} + +

Authentication

+ +
+ {% csrf_token %} + {{ form.as_p }} + +
+ +{% endblock %} + +{% block footer %} +
+ Home +
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/authenticate.result.html b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/authenticate.result.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73d23e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/authenticate.result.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +{% extends "rails/base.html" %} + +{% block title %}Authentication Result{% endblock %} + +{% block content %} + +{% if token %} + +

+

Your JWT token:

+ +

+ + + +{% else %} + +

We were unable to retrieve your token.

+ +{% if auth_error %} + +{{ auth_error }} + +{% endif %} + +{% endif %} + + +{% endblock %} + +{% block footer %} +
+ Back to authenticate +
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/base.html b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/base.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8fb45b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/base.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +{% load static %} + + + +{% block title %}Hello{% endblock %} + + + + + {% block content %} + {% endblock %} + + {% block footer %} + {% endblock %} + + + diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/departures.html b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/departures.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b54d2f --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/departures.html @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +{% extends "rails/base.html" %} + +{% block title %}Departures{% endblock %} + +{% block content %} + +{% if departures %} +

Departures from {{ departures.0.station_from.city }} ({{ departures.0.station_from.code }})

+{% endif %} + +{% for dep in departures %} +
+

{{ dep.name }}

+

+ Departs at: {{ dep.departs_at }}
+ Arrives at: {{ dep.arrives_at }}
+ Cars: {{ dep.first_class}} FC, + {{ dep.second_class }} SC + ({{ dep.seats_per_car }} seats/car) +

+
+ +{% empty %} + + {% if error %} + +
+

Error

+

There was a problem connecting to the API.

+ {{ error }} +

+ (The above error is shown to the user as an example. + For security reasons these errors are normally hidden from the user) +

+
+ + {% else %} + +
+

There are no departures available at this time.

+
+ + {% endif %} + +{% endfor %} + +{% endblock %} + +{% block footer %} +
+ Back to stations +
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/index.html b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36a2f0e --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +{% extends "rails/base.html" %} + +{% block title %}Home{% endblock %} + +{% block content %} + + +

Wecome to our Railways website!

+ +

Please choose which page you wish to visit below.

+ +

+ Stations +

+ +

+ Users +

+ +

+ Authentication +

+ +{% endblock %} + +{% block footer %}{% endblock %} diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/stations.html b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/stations.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2d914b --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/stations.html @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +{% extends "rails/base.html" %} + +{% block title %}Stations{% endblock %} + +{% block content %} + +{% if stations %} +

Stations

+{% endif %} + +{% for station in stations %} + +
+

Id: {{ station.id }} <Code: {{ station.code }} + ({{ station.city }}, {{ station.country }})>  + Departures - + Arrivals +

+
+ +{% empty %} + + {% if error %} + +
+

Error

+

There was a problem connecting to the API.

+ {{ error }} +

+ (The above error is shown to the user as an example. + For security reasons these errors are normally hidden + from the user) +

+
+ + {% else %} + +
+

There are no stations available at this time.

+
+ + {% endif %} + +{% endfor %} + +{% endblock %} + +{% block footer %} +
+ Home +
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/users.html b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/users.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74e4f79 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/templates/rails/users.html @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +{% extends "rails/base.html" %} + +{% block title %}Users{% endblock %} + +{% block content %} + +{% if users %} +

Users

+{% endif %} + +{% for user in users %} + +
+

Id: {{ user.id }} <{{ user.full_name }} + ({{ user.email }}> + {{ user.role|capfirst }} +

+
+ +{% empty %} + + {% if error %} + +
+

Error

+

There was a problem connecting to the API.

+ {{ error }} +

+ (The above error is shown to the user as an example. + For security reasons these errors are normally hidden from the user) +

+
+ + {% else %} + +
+

There are no users available at this time.

+
+ + {% endif %} + +{% endfor %} + +{% endblock %} + +{% block footer %} +
+ Home +
+{% endblock %} diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/tests.py b/ch14/apic/rails/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30b75fe --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# apic/rails/tests.py +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/urls.py b/ch14/apic/rails/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfcd96d --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# apic/rails/urls.py +from django.urls import path + +from . import views + +urlpatterns = [ + path("", views.IndexView.as_view(), name="index"), + path( + "stations", views.StationsView.as_view(), name="stations" + ), + path( + "stations//departures", + views.DeparturesView.as_view(), + name="departures", + ), + path( + "stations//arrivals", + views.ArrivalsView.as_view(), + name="arrivals", + ), + path("users", views.UsersView.as_view(), name="users"), + path( + "authenticate", + views.AuthenticateView.as_view(), + name="authenticate", + ), + path( + "authenticate/result", + views.AuthenticateResultView.as_view(), + name="auth_result", + ), +] diff --git a/ch14/apic/rails/views.py b/ch14/apic/rails/views.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfdb2ab --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/apic/rails/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +# apic/rails/views.py +from datetime import datetime +from operator import itemgetter +from urllib.parse import urljoin + +import requests +from django.conf import settings +from django.urls import reverse_lazy +from django.views import generic +from requests.exceptions import RequestException + +from .forms import AuthenticateForm + + +class IndexView(generic.TemplateView): + template_name = "rails/index.html" + + +class StationsView(generic.TemplateView): + template_name = "rails/stations.html" + + def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs) + + api_url = urljoin(settings.BASE_API_URL, "stations") + + try: + response = requests.get(api_url) + response.raise_for_status() + except RequestException as err: + context["error"] = err + else: + context["stations"] = response.json() + + return self.render_to_response(context) + + +class DeparturesView(generic.TemplateView): + template_name = "rails/departures.html" + + def get(self, request, station_id, *args, **kwargs): + context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs) + + api_url = urljoin( + settings.BASE_API_URL, + f"stations/{station_id}/departures", + ) + + try: + response = requests.get(api_url) + response.raise_for_status() + except RequestException as err: + context["error"] = err + else: + trains = prepare_trains(response.json(), "departs_at") + context["departures"] = trains + + return self.render_to_response(context) + + +class ArrivalsView(generic.TemplateView): + template_name = "rails/arrivals.html" + + def get(self, request, station_id, *args, **kwargs): + context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs) + + api_url = urljoin( + settings.BASE_API_URL, + f"stations/{station_id}/arrivals", + ) + + try: + response = requests.get(api_url) + response.raise_for_status() + except RequestException as err: + context["error"] = err + else: + trains = prepare_trains(response.json(), "arrives_at") + context["arrivals"] = trains + + return self.render_to_response(context) + + +class UsersView(generic.TemplateView): + template_name = "rails/users.html" + + def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs) + + api_url = urljoin( + settings.BASE_API_URL, + "users", + ) + + try: + response = requests.get(api_url) + response.raise_for_status() + except RequestException as err: + context["error"] = err + else: + context["users"] = response.json() + + return self.render_to_response(context) + + +class AuthenticateView(generic.FormView): + template_name = "rails/authenticate.html" + success_url = reverse_lazy("auth_result") + form_class = AuthenticateForm + + def form_valid(self, form): + data = form.cleaned_data + self.api_authenticate(data["email"], data["password"]) + # leave this as final instruction as it will just perform the redir. + return super().form_valid(form) + + def api_authenticate(self, email, password): + api_url = urljoin( + settings.BASE_API_URL, + f"users/authenticate", + ) + + payload = { + "email": email, + "password": password, + } + + try: + response = requests.post(api_url, json=payload) + response.raise_for_status() + except RequestException as err: + self.set_session_data("auth_error", str(err)) + else: + key = "token" if response.ok else "auth_error" + self.set_session_data(key, response.json()) + + def set_session_data(self, key, data): + self.request.session[key] = data + + +class AuthenticateResultView(generic.TemplateView): + template_name = "rails/authenticate.result.html" + + def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): + context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs) + context["token"] = request.session.pop("token", None) + context["auth_error"] = request.session.pop( + "auth_error", None + ) + return self.render_to_response(context) + + +def prepare_trains(trains: list[dict], key: str): + return list( + map( + parse_datetimes, + sorted(trains, key=itemgetter(key)), + ) + ) + + +def parse_datetimes(train: dict): + train["arrives_at"] = datetime.fromisoformat( + train["arrives_at"] + ) + train["departs_at"] = datetime.fromisoformat( + train["departs_at"] + ) + return train diff --git a/ch14/pyproject.toml b/ch14/pyproject.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85e2030 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/pyproject.toml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +[tool.black] +line-length = 66 + +[tool.isort] +atomic=true +line_length=66 diff --git a/ch14/requirements/dev.in b/ch14/requirements/dev.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215984e --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/requirements/dev.in @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +jupyterlab +pdbpp +faker +isort +black diff --git a/ch14/requirements/dev.txt b/ch14/requirements/dev.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b75b07 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/requirements/dev.txt @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +# +# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.9 +# To update, run: +# +# pip-compile dev.in +# +anyio==3.3.0 + # via jupyter-server +appdirs==1.4.4 + # via black +appnope==0.1.2 + # via + # ipykernel + # ipython +argon2-cffi==20.1.0 + # via + # jupyter-server + # notebook +attrs==21.2.0 + # via jsonschema +babel==2.9.1 + # via jupyterlab-server +backcall==0.2.0 + # via ipython +black==21.7b0 + # via -r dev.in +bleach==4.0.0 + # via nbconvert +certifi==2021.5.30 + # via requests +cffi==1.14.6 + # via argon2-cffi +charset-normalizer==2.0.4 + # via requests +click==8.0.1 + # via black +debugpy==1.4.1 + # via ipykernel +decorator==5.0.9 + # via ipython +defusedxml==0.7.1 + # via nbconvert +entrypoints==0.3 + # via + # jupyter-client + # jupyterlab-server + # nbconvert +faker==8.12.0 + # via -r dev.in +fancycompleter==0.9.1 + # via pdbpp +idna==3.2 + # via + # anyio + # requests +ipykernel==6.2.0 + # via notebook +ipython==7.26.0 + # via + # ipykernel + # jupyterlab +ipython-genutils==0.2.0 + # via + # jupyter-server + # nbformat + # notebook + # traitlets +isort==5.9.3 + # via -r dev.in +jedi==0.18.0 + # via ipython +jinja2==3.0.1 + # via + # jupyter-server + # jupyterlab + # jupyterlab-server + # nbconvert + # notebook +json5==0.9.6 + # via jupyterlab-server +jsonschema==3.2.0 + # via + # jupyterlab-server + # nbformat +jupyter-client==7.0.1 + # via + # ipykernel + # jupyter-server + # nbclient + # notebook +jupyter-core==4.7.1 + # via + # jupyter-client + # jupyter-server + # jupyterlab + # nbconvert + # nbformat + # notebook +jupyter-server==1.10.2 + # via + # jupyterlab + # jupyterlab-server + # nbclassic +jupyterlab==3.1.7 + # via -r dev.in +jupyterlab-pygments==0.1.2 + # via nbconvert +jupyterlab-server==2.7.1 + # via jupyterlab +markupsafe==2.0.1 + # via jinja2 +matplotlib-inline==0.1.2 + # via + # ipykernel + # ipython +mistune==0.8.4 + # via nbconvert +mypy-extensions==0.4.3 + # via black +nbclassic==0.3.1 + # via jupyterlab +nbclient==0.5.4 + # via nbconvert +nbconvert==6.1.0 + # via + # jupyter-server + # notebook +nbformat==5.1.3 + # via + # jupyter-server + # nbclient + # nbconvert + # notebook +nest-asyncio==1.5.1 + # via + # jupyter-client + # nbclient +notebook==6.4.3 + # via nbclassic +packaging==21.0 + # via + # bleach + # jupyterlab + # jupyterlab-server +pandocfilters==1.4.3 + # via nbconvert +parso==0.8.2 + # via jedi +pathspec==0.9.0 + # via black +pdbpp==0.10.3 + # via -r dev.in +pexpect==4.8.0 + # via ipython +pickleshare==0.7.5 + # via ipython +prometheus-client==0.11.0 + # via + # jupyter-server + # notebook +prompt-toolkit==3.0.20 + # via ipython +ptyprocess==0.7.0 + # via + # pexpect + # terminado +pycparser==2.20 + # via cffi +pygments==2.10.0 + # via + # ipython + # jupyterlab-pygments + # nbconvert + # pdbpp +pyparsing==2.4.7 + # via packaging +pyrepl==0.9.0 + # via fancycompleter +pyrsistent==0.18.0 + # via jsonschema +python-dateutil==2.8.2 + # via + # faker + # jupyter-client +pytz==2021.1 + # via babel +pyzmq==22.2.1 + # via + # jupyter-client + # jupyter-server + # notebook +regex==2021.8.3 + # via black +requests==2.26.0 + # via + # jupyterlab-server + # requests-unixsocket +requests-unixsocket==0.2.0 + # via jupyter-server +send2trash==1.8.0 + # via + # jupyter-server + # notebook +six==1.16.0 + # via + # argon2-cffi + # bleach + # jsonschema + # python-dateutil +sniffio==1.2.0 + # via anyio +terminado==0.11.1 + # via + # jupyter-server + # notebook +testpath==0.5.0 + # via nbconvert +text-unidecode==1.3 + # via faker +tomli==1.2.1 + # via black +tornado==6.1 + # via + # ipykernel + # jupyter-client + # jupyter-server + # jupyterlab + # notebook + # terminado +traitlets==5.0.5 + # via + # ipykernel + # ipython + # jupyter-client + # jupyter-core + # jupyter-server + # matplotlib-inline + # nbclient + # nbconvert + # nbformat + # notebook +urllib3==1.26.6 + # via + # requests + # requests-unixsocket +wcwidth==0.2.5 + # via prompt-toolkit +webencodings==0.5.1 + # via bleach +websocket-client==1.2.1 + # via jupyter-server +wmctrl==0.4 + # via pdbpp + +# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file: +# setuptools diff --git a/ch14/requirements/requirements.in b/ch14/requirements/requirements.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000..526aee1 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/requirements/requirements.in @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +django +fastapi +pydantic[email] +pyjwt[crypto] +python-dotenv +requests +sqlalchemy +uvicorn diff --git a/ch14/requirements/requirements.txt b/ch14/requirements/requirements.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4b67a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/requirements/requirements.txt @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# +# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.9 +# To update, run: +# +# pip-compile requirements.in +# +asgiref==3.4.1 + # via + # django + # uvicorn +certifi==2021.5.30 + # via requests +cffi==1.14.6 + # via cryptography +charset-normalizer==2.0.4 + # via requests +click==8.0.1 + # via uvicorn +cryptography==3.4.7 + # via pyjwt +django==3.2.6 + # via -r requirements.in +dnspython==2.1.0 + # via email-validator +email-validator==1.1.3 + # via pydantic +fastapi==0.68.0 + # via -r requirements.in +greenlet==1.1.1 + # via sqlalchemy +h11==0.12.0 + # via uvicorn +idna==3.2 + # via + # email-validator + # requests +pycparser==2.20 + # via cffi +pydantic[email]==1.8.2 + # via + # -r requirements.in + # fastapi +pyjwt[crypto]==2.1.0 + # via -r requirements.in +python-dotenv==0.19.0 + # via -r requirements.in +pytz==2021.1 + # via django +requests==2.26.0 + # via -r requirements.in +sqlalchemy==1.4.23 + # via -r requirements.in +sqlparse==0.4.1 + # via django +starlette==0.14.2 + # via fastapi +typing-extensions==3.10.0.0 + # via pydantic +urllib3==1.26.6 + # via requests +uvicorn==0.15.0 + # via -r requirements.in diff --git a/ch14/samples/api.calls/stations.txt b/ch14/samples/api.calls/stations.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff1d16d --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/samples/api.calls/stations.txt @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +$ http http://localhost:8000/stations +HTTP/1.1 200 OK +content-length: 702 +content-type: application/json +date: Thu, 19 Aug 2021 22:11:10 GMT +server: uvicorn + +[ + { + "city": "Rome", + "code": "ROM", + "country": "Italy", + "id": 0 + }, + { + "city": "Paris", + "code": "PAR", + "country": "France", + "id": 1 + }, + { + "city": "London", + "code": "LDN", + "country": "UK", + "id": 2 + }, + { + "city": "Kyiv", + "code": "KYV", + "country": "Ukraine", + "id": 3 + }, + { + "city": "Stockholm", + "code": "STK", + "country": "Sweden", + "id": 4 + }, + { + "city": "Warsaw", + "code": "WSW", + "country": "Poland", + "id": 5 + }, + { + "city": "Moskow", + "code": "MSK", + "country": "Russia", + "id": 6 + }, + { + "city": "Amsterdam", + "code": "AMD", + "country": "Netherlands", + "id": 7 + }, + { + "city": "Edinburgh", + "code": "EDB", + "country": "Scotland", + "id": 8 + }, + { + "city": "Budapest", + "code": "BDP", + "country": "Hungary", + "id": 9 + }, + { + "city": "Bucharest", + "code": "BCR", + "country": "Romania", + "id": 10 + }, + { + "city": "Sofia", + "code": "SFA", + "country": "Bulgaria", + "id": 11 + } +] + + +--- + +$ http http://localhost:8000/stations?code=LDN +HTTP/1.1 200 OK +content-length: 54 +content-type: application/json +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 19:31:08 GMT +server: uvicorn + +[ + { + "city": "London", + "code": "LDN", + "country": "UK", + "id": 2 + } +] + +--- + +$ http http://localhost:8000/stations/3 +HTTP/1.1 200 OK +content-length: 55 +content-type: application/json +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 19:38:36 GMT +server: uvicorn + +{ + "city": "Kyiv", + "code": "KYV", + "country": "Ukraine", + "id": 3 +} + +--- + +$ http http://localhost:8000/stations/kyiv +HTTP/1.1 422 Unprocessable Entity +content-length: 107 +content-type: application/json +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 19:42:34 GMT +server: uvicorn + +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "station_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} + +--- + +$ http http://localhost:8000/stations/100 +HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found +content-length: 35 +content-type: application/json +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 19:48:09 GMT +server: uvicorn + +{ + "detail": "Station 100 not found." +} + + +--- + +$ http POST http://localhost:8000/stations \ +code=TMP country=Temporary-Country city=tmp-city +HTTP/1.1 201 Created +content-length: 70 +content-type: application/json +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 20:20:34 GMT +server: uvicorn + +{ + "city": "tmp-city", + "code": "TMP", + "country": "Temporary-Country", + "id": 12 +} + +--- + +$ http POST http://localhost:8000/stations \ +country=Another-Country city=another-city +HTTP/1.1 422 Unprocessable Entity +content-length: 88 +content-type: application/json +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 20:23:21 GMT +server: uvicorn + +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "body", + "code" + ], + "msg": "field required", + "type": "value_error.missing" + } + ] +} + +--- + +$ http PUT http://localhost:8000/stations/12 \ +code=SMC country=Some-Country city=Some-city +HTTP/1.1 204 No Content +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 21:19:22 GMT +server: uvicorn + +--- + +$ http http://localhost:8000/stations/12 +HTTP/1.1 200 OK +content-length: 66 +content-type: application/json +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 21:20:39 GMT +server: uvicorn + +{ + "city": "Some-city", + "code": "SMC", + "country": "Some-Country", + "id": 12 +} + +--- + +$ http PUT http://localhost:8000/stations/12 code=xxx +HTTP/1.1 204 No Content +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 21:23:09 GMT +server: uvicorn + +--- + +$ http http://localhost:8000/stations/12 +HTTP/1.1 200 OK +content-length: 66 +content-type: application/json +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 21:23:47 GMT +server: uvicorn + +{ + "city": "Some-city", + "code": "xxx", + "country": "Some-Country", + "id": 12 +} + + +--- + +$ http DELETE http://localhost:8000/stations/12 +HTTP/1.1 204 No Content +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 21:33:17 GMT +server: uvicorn + +--- + +$ http DELETE http://localhost:8000/stations/12 +HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found +Transfer-Encoding: chunked +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 21:33:43 GMT +server: uvicorn + +--- diff --git a/ch14/samples/api.calls/users.txt b/ch14/samples/api.calls/users.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..505a016 --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/samples/api.calls/users.txt @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +$ http POST http://localhost:8000/users/authenticate \ +email="fabrizio.romano@example.com" password="f4bPassword" +HTTP/1.1 200 OK +content-length: 201 +content-type: application/json +date: Fri, 20 Aug 2021 21:51:13 GMT +server: uvicorn + +"eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpYXQiOjE2Mjk0OTYyNzQsImV4cCI6MTYyOTU4MjY3NCwiZW1haWwiOiJmYWJyaXppby5yb21hbm9AZXhhbXBsZS5jb20iLCJyb2xlIjoiYWRtaW4ifQ.q-8m_xh2LacyxtNGHzMg2cQhgyDpmyvCr75Qb_7snYI" + +--- + diff --git a/ch14/samples/typing.examples.py b/ch14/samples/typing.examples.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7c6cbb --- /dev/null +++ b/ch14/samples/typing.examples.py @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +# samples/typing.examples.py + + +############################################### +# This module is not supposed to be executed! # +############################################### + + +# not strongly typed language +a = 7 +b = "7" + +a + b == 14 +concatenate(a, b) == "77" + + +# dynamic typing +a = 7 +a * 2 == 14 +a = "Hello" +a * 2 == "HelloHello" + + +# other languages +String greeting = "Hello"; +int m = 7; +float pi = 3.141592; + + +# function annotations +def greet(first_name, last_name, age): + return f"Greeting {first_name} {last_name} of age {age}" + +def greet( + first_name: "First name of the person we are greeting", + last_name: "Last name of the person we are greeting", + age: "The person's age" +) -> "Returns the greeting sentence": + return f"Greeting {first_name} {last_name} of age {age}" + +def greet(first_name: str, last_name: str, age: int = 18) -> str: + return f"Greeting {first_name} {last_name} of age {age}" + + +# list +from typing import List + +def process_words(words: List[str]): + for word in words: + # do something with word + + +# dict +from typing import Dict + +def process_users(users: Dict[str, int]): + for name, age in users.items(): + # do something with name and age + + +# optional +from typing import Optional + +def greet_again(name: Optional[str] = None): + if name is not None: + print(f"Hello {name}!") + else: + print("Hey dude") + + +# custom +class Cat: + def __init__(self, name: str): + self.name = name + +def call_cat(cat: Cat): + return f"{cat.name}! Come here!"