ch09

ch09/hlib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# hlib.py
+# NOT A PYTHON MODULE - DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RUN
+
+# hlib.py
+>>> import hashlib
+>>> hashlib.algorithms_available
+{'mdc2', 'sha224', 'whirlpool', 'sha1', 'sha3_512', 'sha512_256',
+ 'sha256', 'md4', 'sha384', 'blake2s', 'sha3_224', 'sha3_384',
+ 'shake_256', 'blake2b', 'ripemd160', 'sha512', 'md5-sha1',
+ 'shake_128', 'sha3_256', 'sha512_224', 'md5', 'sm3'}
+>>> hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed
+{'blake2s', 'md5', 'sha224', 'sha3_512', 'shake_256', 'sha3_256',
+ 'shake_128', 'sha256', 'sha1', 'sha512', 'blake2b', 'sha3_384',
+ 'sha384', 'sha3_224'}
+
+>>> h = hashlib.blake2b()
+>>> h.update(b'Hash me')
+>>> h.update(b' now!')
+>>> h.hexdigest()
+'56441b566db9aafcf8cdad3a4729fa4b2bfaab0ada36155ece29f52ff70e1e9d'
+'7f54cacfe44bc97c7e904cf79944357d023877929430bc58eb2dae168e73cedf'
+>>> h.digest()
+b'VD\x1bVm\xb9\xaa\xfc\xf8\xcd\xad:G)\xfaK+\xfa\xab\n\xda6\x15^'
+b'\xce)\xf5/\xf7\x0e\x1e\x9d\x7fT\xca\xcf\xe4K\xc9|~\x90L\xf7'
+b'\x99D5}\x028w\x92\x940\xbcX\xeb-\xae\x16\x8es\xce\xdf'
+>>> h.block_size
+128
+>>> h.digest_size
+64
+>>> h.name
+'blake2b'
+
+>>> hashlib.sha256(b'Hash me now!').hexdigest()
+'10d561fa94a89a25ea0c7aa47708bdb353bbb062a17820292cd905a3a60d6783'
+
+
+>>> import hashlib
+>>> h1 = hashlib.blake2b(b'Important data', digest_size=16,
+...                      person=b'part-1')
+>>> h2 = hashlib.blake2b(b'Important data', digest_size=16,
+...                      person=b'part-2')
+>>> h3 = hashlib.blake2b(b'Important data', digest_size=16)
+>>> h1.hexdigest()
+'c06b9af95d5aa6307e7e3fd025a15646'
+>>> h2.hexdigest()
+'9cb03be8f3114d0f06bddaedce2079c4'
+>>> h3.hexdigest()
+'7d35308ca3b042b5184728d2b1283d0d'
+
+>>> import os
+>>> dk = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', b'Password123',
+...   salt=os.urandom(16), iterations=100000)
+>>> dk.hex()
+'f8715c37906df067466ce84973e6e52a955be025a59c9100d9183c4cbec27a9e'

ch09/hmc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# hmc.py
+import hmac
+import hashlib
+
+
+def calc_digest(key, message):
+    key = bytes(key, 'utf-8')
+    message = bytes(message, 'utf-8')
+
+    dig = hmac.new(key, message, hashlib.sha256)
+    return dig.hexdigest()
+
+
+mac = calc_digest('secret-key', 'Important Message')
+print(mac)

ch09/jwt/claims_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# jwt/claims_auth.py
+import jwt
+
+
+data = {'payload': 'data', 'iss': 'hein', 'aud': 'learn-python'}
+
+
+secret = 'secret-key'
+token = jwt.encode(data, secret)
+
+
+def decode(token, secret, issuer=None, audience=None):
+    try:
+        print(jwt.decode(token, secret, issuer=issuer,
+                         audience=audience, algorithms=["HS256"]))
+    except (
+        jwt.InvalidIssuerError, jwt.InvalidAudienceError
+    ) as err:
+        print(err)
+        print(type(err))
+
+
+decode(token, secret)
+
+# not providing the issuer won't break
+decode(token, secret, audience='learn-python')
+
+# not providing the audience will break
+decode(token, secret, issuer='hein')
+
+# both will break
+decode(token, secret, issuer='wrong', audience='learn-python')
+decode(token, secret, issuer='hein', audience='wrong')
+
+decode(token, secret, issuer='hein', audience='learn-python')
+
+
+"""
+$ python jwt/claims_time.py
+Invalid audience
+<class 'jwt.exceptions.InvalidAudienceError'>
+
+{'payload': 'data', 'iss': 'hein', 'aud': 'learn-python'}
+
+Invalid audience
+<class 'jwt.exceptions.InvalidAudienceError'>
+
+Invalid issuer
+<class 'jwt.exceptions.InvalidIssuerError'>
+
+Invalid audience
+<class 'jwt.exceptions.InvalidAudienceError'>
+
+{'payload': 'data', 'iss': 'hein', 'aud': 'learn-python'}
+"""

ch09/jwt/claims_time.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# jwt/claims_time.py
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from time import sleep, time
+
+import jwt
+
+
+iat = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+nfb = iat + timedelta(seconds=1)
+exp = iat + timedelta(seconds=3)
+
+
+data = {'payload': 'data', 'nbf': nfb, 'exp': exp, 'iat': iat}
+
+
+def decode(token, secret):
+    print(time())
+    try:
+        print(jwt.decode(token, secret, algorithms=['HS256']))
+    except (
+        jwt.ImmatureSignatureError, jwt.ExpiredSignatureError
+    ) as err:
+        print(err)
+        print(type(err))
+
+
+secret = 'secret-key'
+token = jwt.encode(data, secret)
+
+
+decode(token, secret)
+sleep(2)
+decode(token, secret)
+sleep(2)
+decode(token, secret)
+
+
+"""
+$ python jwt/claims_time.py
+1631043839.6459477
+The token is not yet valid (nbf)
+<class 'jwt.exceptions.ImmatureSignatureError'>
+1631043841.6480813
+{'payload': 'data', 'nbf': 1631043840, 'exp': 1631043842, 'iat':
+1631043839}
+1631043843.6498601
+Signature has expired
+<class 'jwt.exceptions.ExpiredSignatureError'>
+"""

ch09/jwt/rsa/key

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

ch09/jwt/rsa/key.pub

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDPztPWk1Cds9ktLG4c/zLQdANw2wqnB3UvC2CE+V32XSUrp/akM2UljCojSKXwlR8h9YT1Vo70qzFN8G1g/Is7xPPs2T7TgoOWRA4qCkokethN37mJKt7cPrwhUd3EGS7ZUWHnu6oE0kKoYEXQ6BUeH+az1/SQNVppQ1KPuQy7mwtU9ZG+dmDIk3S/8sdLbLba2RedyPvB/2QLXeo3foyxnaofhUXR/z9ZOQTrNRJ1PBjZkS8rrrOOZN+4WhDx1/k3k+PhJNAaT7aXq5T+TE1sE1aNiYk2nUSl0kneb0DWcOtFFB8zUd1yQ4IlWf55gOvMPZb9tIyb/dKCrMzejU41 fab@fabmp.local

ch09/jwt/rsa/keypwd

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
+DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,6B1FF5E922949C8E4AA51B8F5B0F0CBE
+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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

ch09/jwt/rsa/keypwd.pub

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDAvimJusND8agzuXFhG+d4sPrn6AqC69H/icI77baF15/ztE9b/SioeBl2B+1HI/EnkqMpK8vLJOAN27cHUps9yMkjdU4KrRqK9pjHaeiwxZ+24LVt4QzvT6DcpREymB5y1GX34hIFjcXZDZgV8BkWwVW6qrocLtdl9c4vycPbqAYZ7o/hJzlbmhRClpB1FYamlZhuiH+5neWXuWtN7yV91Pi+DS7l0SbX37ElOComvZy9ug2UVqrK4+mPwCAtxnppHZVQsyVd2l2rKARqE3LRn2mbvlUtInDhfCU12GjRqItbbDgrcKoKeAJrExPUfWc9W3Iknh/2Os0FcbJSr6PX fab@fabmp.local

ch09/jwt/tok.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# jwt/tok.py
+import jwt
+
+
+data = {'payload': 'data', 'id': 123456789}
+algs = ['HS256', 'HS512']
+
+token = jwt.encode(data, 'secret-key')
+data_out = jwt.decode(token, 'secret-key', algorithms=algs)
+print(token)
+print(data_out)
+
+
+# decode without verifying the signature
+jwt.decode(token, options={'verify_signature': False})
+
+
+# let's use another algorithm
+token512 = jwt.encode(data, 'secret-key', algorithm='HS512')
+data_out = jwt.decode(token512, 'secret-key', algorithms=['HS512'])
+print(data_out)

ch09/jwt/token_rsa.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# jwt/token_rsa.py
+import jwt
+from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
+
+
+data = {'payload': 'data'}
+
+
+def encode(data, priv_filename, algorithm='RS256'):
+
+    with open(priv_filename, 'rb') as key:
+        private_key = key.read()
+
+    return jwt.encode(data, private_key, algorithm=algorithm)
+
+
+def decode(data, pub_filename, algorithm='RS256'):
+
+    with open(pub_filename, 'rb') as key:
+        public_key = key.read()
+
+    return jwt.decode(data, public_key, algorithms=[algorithm])
+
+
+token = encode(data, 'jwt/rsa/key')
+data_out = decode(token, 'jwt/rsa/key.pub')
+print(data_out)

ch09/requirements/requirements.in

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pyjwt
+cryptography

ch09/requirements/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.9
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    pip-compile requirements.in
+#
+cffi==1.14.5
+    # via cryptography
+cryptography==3.4.7
+    # via -r requirements.in
+pycparser==2.20
+    # via cffi
+pyjwt==2.1.0
+    # via -r requirements.in

ch09/secrs/secr_gen.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# secrs/secr_gen.py
+import secrets
+from string import digits, ascii_letters
+
+
+def generate_pwd(length=8):
+    chars = digits + ascii_letters
+    return ''.join(secrets.choice(chars) for c in range(length))
+
+
+def generate_secure_pwd(length=16, upper=3, digits=3):
+    if length < upper + digits + 1:
+        raise ValueError('Nice try!')
+
+    while True:
+        pwd = generate_pwd(length)
+        if (any(c.islower() for c in pwd)
+            and sum(c.isupper() for c in pwd) >= upper
+            and sum(c.isdigit() for c in pwd) >= digits):
+            return pwd
+
+
+print(generate_secure_pwd())
+print(generate_secure_pwd(length=3, upper=1, digits=1))
+
+"""
+$ python secr_gen.py
+nsL5voJnCi7Ote3F
+J5e
+"""

ch09/secrs/secr_rand.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# secrs/secr_rand.py
+import secrets
+
+
+# utils
+print(secrets.choice('Choose one of these words'.split()))
+
+print(secrets.randbelow(10 ** 6))
+
+print(secrets.randbits(32))
+
+
+# tokens
+print(secrets.token_bytes(16))
+
+print(secrets.token_hex(32))
+
+print(secrets.token_urlsafe(32))
+
+# compare digests against timing attacks
+secrets.compare_digest('abc123', 'abc123')
+
+"""
+$ python secr_rand.py
+one
+504156
+3172492450
+b'\xda\x863\xeb\xbb|\x8fk\x9b\xbd\x14Q\xd4\x8d\x15}'
+9f90fd042229570bf633e91e92505523811b45e1c3a72074e19bbeb2e5111bf7
+bl4qz_Av7QNvPEqZtKsLuTOUsNLFmXW3O03pn50leiY
+"""

ch09/secrs/secr_reset.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# secrs/secr_reset.py
+import secrets
+
+
+def get_reset_pwd_url(token_length=16):
+    token = secrets.token_urlsafe(token_length)
+    return f'https://example.com/reset-pwd/{token}'
+
+
+print(get_reset_pwd_url())
+
+
+"""
+$ python secr_reset.py
+https://example.com/reset-pwd/dfVPEPl_pCkQ8YNV4er-UQ
+"""