class PID: def __init__(self, proportional_k, integral_k, differential_k, set_point): self.proportional_k = proportional_k self.integral_k = integral_k self.differential_k = differential_k self.set_point = set_point self.error_sum = 0 self.last_value = 0 self.min_output = -1 self.max_output = 1 self.dead_zone = 0.3 def update(self, measurement, time_delta): error_value = measurement - self.set_point proportional = error_value * self.proportional_k # calculate integral self.error_sum += error_value * time_delta # clamp it self.error_sum = min(self.max_output, self.error_sum) self.error_sum = max(self.min_output, self.error_sum) integral = self.error_sum * self.integral_k differentiated_error = (error_value - self.last_value) / time_delta differential = differentiated_error * self.differential_k self.last_value = error_value output = proportional + integral + differential # clamp output if abs(output) < self.dead_zone: output = 0 else: output = min(self.max_output, output) output = max(self.min_output, output) return output