Initialize repository

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.DS_Store

LICENSE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+```
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2022 Michael Hartl
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+```

Listing_1.1.txt

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+$ python3 --version
+Python 3.10.6

Listing_1.10.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(venv) $ pip install Flask==2.2.2

Listing_1.11.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from flask import Flask
+
+app = Flask(__name__)
+
+@app.route("/")
+def hello_world():
+    return "<p>hello, world!</p>"

Listing_1.12.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(venv) $ flask --app hello_app.py --debug run
+ * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/

Listing_1.13.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(venv) $ flask --app hello_app.py --debug run --port $PORT
+ * Running on http://127.0.0.1:8080/

Listing_1.14.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+venv/
+
+*.pyc
+__pycache__/
+
+instance/
+
+.pytest_cache/
+.coverage
+htmlcov/
+
+dist/
+build/
+*.egg-info/
+
+.DS_Store

Listing_1.15.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+click==8.1.3
+Flask==2.2.2
+gunicorn==20.1.0
+itsdangerous==2.1.2
+Jinja2==3.1.2
+MarkupSafe==2.1.1
+Werkzeug==2.2.2

Listing_1.16.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(venv) $ brew install flyctl

Listing_1.17.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(venv) $ curl -L https://fly.io/install.sh | sh

Listing_1.18.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.
+.
+.
+export FLYCTL_INSTALL="/home/ubuntu/.fly"
+export PATH="$FLYCTL_INSTALL/bin:$PATH"

Listing_1.19.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(venv) $ flyctl auth login --interactive

Listing_1.2.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+$ sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
+$ sudo apt-get install -y python3.10
+$ sudo apt-get install -y python3.10-venv
+$ sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.10 /usr/bin/python3

Listing_1.20.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(venv) $ flyctl launch

Listing_1.21.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+web: gunicorn hello_app:app

Listing_1.22.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(venv) $ flyctl deploy

Listing_1.23.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+(venv) $ flyctl status    # Details will vary
+App
+  Name     = restless-sun-9514
+  Owner    = personal
+  Version  = 2
+  Status   = running
+  Hostname = crimson-shadow-1161.fly.dev   # Your URL will differ.
+  Platform = nomad
+
+Deployment Status
+  ID          = 051e253a-e322-4b2c-96ec-bc2758763328
+  Version     = v2
+  Status      = successful
+  Description = Deployment completed successfully
+  Instances   = 1 desired, 1 placed, 1 healthy, 0 unhealthy

Listing_1.3.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+$ brew install python@3.10

Listing_1.4.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ python3
+>>>

Listing_1.5.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+>>> print("hello, world!")
+hello, world!

Listing_1.6.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+>>> import this
+The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
+
+Beautiful is better than ugly.
+Explicit is better than implicit.
+Simple is better than complex.
+Complex is better than complicated.
+Flat is better than nested.
+Sparse is better than dense.
+Readability counts.
+Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
+Although practicality beats purity.
+Errors should never pass silently.
+Unless explicitly silenced.
+In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
+There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
+Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
+Now is better than never.
+Although never is often better than *right* now.
+If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
+If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
+Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

Listing_1.7.py

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+print("hello, world!")

Listing_1.8.py

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+print("hello, world!", "how's it going?")

Listing_1.9.bash

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+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+print("hello, world!")

Listing_10.1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from setuptools import find_packages, setup
+
+setup(
+    name='palindrome_detector',
+    version='1.0.0',
+    packages=find_packages(),
+ include_package_data=True,
+    zip_safe=False,
+ install_requires=[
+        'flask',
+    ],
+)

Listing_10.10.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import os
+from flask import Flask, render_template
+
+def create_app(test_config=None):
+    """Create and configure the app."""
+    app = Flask(__name__, instance_relative_config=True)
+    .
+    .
+    .
+    @app.route("/")
+    def index():
+        return render_template("index.html")
+
+    @app.route("/about")
+    def about():
+        return render_template("about.html")
+
+    @app.route("/palindrome")
+    def palindrome():
+        return render_template("palindrome.html")
+
+    return app
+
+app = create_app()

Listing_10.11.html

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Learn Enough Python Sample App</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/stylesheets/main.css">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400"
+          rel="stylesheet">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <a href="/" class="header-logo">
+      <img src="/static/images/logo_b.png" alt="Learn Enough logo">
+    </a>
+    <div class="container">
+      <div class="content">
+
+  <h1>Sample Flask App</h1>
+
+  <p>
+    This is the sample Flask app for
+    <a href="https://www.learnenough.com/python-tutorial"><em>Learn Enough Python
+    to Be Dangerous</em></a>. Learn more on the <a href="/about">About</a> page.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Click the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sator_Square">Sator
+    Square</a> below to run the custom <a href="/palindrome">Palindrome
+    Detector</a>.
+  </p>
+
+  <a class="sator-square" href="/palindrome">
+    <img src="/static/images/sator_square.jpg" alt="Sator Square">
+  </a>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+  </body>
+</html>

Listing_10.12.html

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Learn Enough Python Sample App</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/stylesheets/main.css">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400"
+          rel="stylesheet">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <a href="/" class="header-logo">
+      <img src="/static/images/logo_b.png" alt="Learn Enough logo">
+    </a>
+    <div class="container">
+      <div class="content">
+
+  <h1>About</h1>
+
+  <p>
+    This site is the final application in
+    <a href="https://www.learnenough.com/python-tutorial"><em>Learn Enough Python
+    to Be Dangerous</em></a>
+    by <a href="https://www.michaelhartl.com/">Michael Hartl</a>,
+    a tutorial introduction to the
+    <a href="https://www.python.org/">Python programming language</a> that
+    is part of
+    <a href="https://www.learnenough.com/">LearnEnough.com</a>.
+  </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>

Listing_10.13.html

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Learn Enough Python Sample App</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/stylesheets/main.css">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400"
+          rel="stylesheet">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <a href="/" class="header-logo">
+      <img src="/static/images/logo_b.png" alt="Learn Enough logo">
+    </a>
+    <div class="container">
+      <div class="content">
+
+  <h1>Palindrome Detector</h1>
+
+  <p>This will be the palindrome detector.</p>
+
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>

Listing_10.14.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+% import os
+% from flask import Flask
+
+% def create_app(test_config=None):
+%     """Create and configure the app."""
+%     app = Flask(__name__, instance_relative_config=True,
+%                           static_url_path="/static")
+%     .
+%     .
+%     .

Listing_10.15.html

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Learn Enough Python Sample App</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/stylesheets/main.css">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400"
+          rel="stylesheet">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <a href="/" class="header-logo">
+      <img src="/static/images/logo_b.png" alt="Learn Enough logo">
+    </a>
+    <div class="container">
+      <div class="content">
+        <!-- page-specific content -->
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>

Listing_10.16.txt

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+$ pip install -e .

Listing_10.17.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+def test_index(client):
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+def test_about(client):
+    response = client.get("/about")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+def test_palindrome(client):
+    response = client.get("/palindrome")
+    assert response.status_code == 200

Listing_10.18.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 3 items
+
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 3 passed in 0.01s ===============================

Listing_10.19.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+def test_index(client):
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert "<title>" in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+
+def test_about(client):
+    response = client.get("/about")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert "<title>" in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+
+def test_palindrome(client):
+    response = client.get("/palindrome")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert "<title>" in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text

Listing_10.2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+graft palindrome_detector/static
+graft palindrome_detector/templates
+global-exclude *.pyc

Listing_10.20.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 3 items
+
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 3 passed in 0.01s ===============================

Listing_10.21.html

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Learn Enough Python Sample App</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/stylesheets/main.css">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400"
+          rel="stylesheet">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <a href="/" class="header-logo">
+      <img src="/static/images/logo_b.png" alt="Learn Enough logo">
+    </a>
+    <div class="container">
+      <div class="content">
+        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>

Listing_10.22.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+
+{% block content %}
+  <h1>Sample Flask App</h1>
+
+  <p>
+    This is the sample Flask app for
+    <a href="https://www.learnenough.com/python-tutorial"><em>Learn Enough Python
+    to Be Dangerous</em></a>. Learn more on the <a href="/about">About</a> page.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Click the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sator_Square">Sator
+    Square</a> below to run the custom <a href="/palindrome">Palindrome
+    Detector</a>.
+  </p>
+
+  <a class="sator-square" href="/palindrome">
+    <img src="/static/images/sator_square.jpg" alt="Sator Square">
+  </a>
+{% endblock %}

Listing_10.23.html

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+
+{% block content %}
+  <h1>About</h1>
+
+  <p>
+    This site is the final application in
+    <a href="https://www.learnenough.com/python-tutorial"><em>Learn Enough Python
+    to Be Dangerous</em></a>
+    by <a href="https://www.michaelhartl.com/">Michael Hartl</a>,
+    a tutorial introduction to the
+    <a href="https://www.python.org/">Python programming language</a> that
+    is part of
+    <a href="https://www.learnenough.com/">LearnEnough.com</a>.
+  </p>
+{% endblock %}

Listing_10.24.html

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+
+{% block content %}
+  <h1>Palindrome Detector</h1>
+
+  <p>This will be the palindrome detector.</p>
+{% endblock %}

Listing_10.25.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 3 items
+
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 3 passed in 0.01s ===============================

Listing_10.26.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+def test_index(client):
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    title = f"<title>{base_title}</title>"
+    assert title in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+
+def test_about(client):
+    response = client.get("/about")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    title = f"<title>{base_title}</title>"
+    assert title in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+
+def test_palindrome(client):
+    response = client.get("/palindrome")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    title = f"<title>{base_title}</title>"
+    assert title in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text

Listing_10.27.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 3 items
+
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 3 passed in 0.01s ===============================

Listing_10.28.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+def test_index(client):
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    title = f"<title>{base_title} | Home</title>"
+    assert title in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+
+def test_about(client):
+    response = client.get("/about")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    title = f"<title>{base_title} | About</title>"
+    assert title in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+
+def test_palindrome(client):
+    response = client.get("/palindrome")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    title = f"<title>{base_title} | Palindrome Detector</title>"
+    assert title in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text

Listing_10.29.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 3 items
+
+tests/test_site_pages.py FFF                                             [100%]
+
+=================================== FAILURES ===================================
+__________________________________ test_index __________________________________
+.
+.
+.
+=========================== short test summary info ============================
+FAILED tests/test_site_pages.py::test_index - assert '<title>Learn Enough Pyt...
+FAILED tests/test_site_pages.py::test_about - assert '<title>Learn Enough Pyt...
+FAILED tests/test_site_pages.py::test_palindrome - assert '<title>Learn Enoug...
+============================== 3 failed in 0.03s ===============================

Listing_10.3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import os
+from flask import Flask
+
+def create_app(test_config=None):
+    """Create and configure the app."""
+    app = Flask(__name__, instance_relative_config=True)
+
+    if test_config is None:
+        # Load the instance config, if it exists, when not testing.
+        app.config.from_pyfile("config.py", silent=True)
+    else:
+        # Load the test config if passed in.
+        app.config.from_mapping(test_config)
+
+    # Ensure the instance folder exists.
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(app.instance_path)
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+
+    @app.route("/")
+    def index():
+        return "hello, world!"
+
+    return app
+
+app = create_app()

Listing_10.30.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import os
+from flask import Flask, render_template
+
+def create_app(test_config=None):
+    """Create and configure the app."""
+    app = Flask(__name__, instance_relative_config=True)
+
+    if test_config is None:
+        # Load the instance config, if it exists, when not testing.
+        app.config.from_pyfile("config.py", silent=True)
+    else:
+        # Load the test config if passed in.
+        app.config.from_mapping(test_config)
+
+    # Ensure the instance folder exists.
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(app.instance_path)
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+
+    @app.route("/")
+    def index():
+        return render_template("index.html", page_title="Home")
+
+    @app.route("/about")
+    def about():
+        return render_template("about.html", page_title="About")
+
+    @app.route("/palindrome")
+    def palindrome():
+        return render_template("palindrome.html",
+                               page_title="Palindrome Detector")
+
+    return app
+
+app = create_app()

Listing_10.31.html

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Learn Enough Python Sample App | {{ page_title }}</title>
+    .
+    .
+    .

Listing_10.32.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 3 items
+
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 3 passed in 0.01s ===============================

Listing_10.33.html

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Learn Enough Python Sample App | {{ page_title }}</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/stylesheets/main.css">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400"
+          rel="stylesheet">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <a href="/" class="header-logo">
+      <img src="/static/images/logo_b.png" alt="Learn Enough logo">
+    </a>
+    <div class="container">
+      <header class="header">
+        <nav>
+          <ul class="header-nav">
+            <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
+            <li><a href="/palindrome">Is It a Palindrome?</a></li>
+            <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
+          </ul>
+        </nav>
+      </header>
+      <div class="content">
+        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>

Listing_10.34.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+def test_index(client):
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    title = f"<title>{base_title} | Home</title>"
+    assert title in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+    assert "<nav>" in response.text
+
+def test_about(client):
+    response = client.get("/about")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    title = f"<title>{base_title} | About</title>"
+    assert title in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+
+def test_palindrome(client):
+    response = client.get("/palindrome")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    title = f"<title>{base_title} | Palindrome Detector</title>"
+    assert title in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text

Listing_10.35.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 3 items
+
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 3 passed in 0.01s ===============================

Listing_10.36.html

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Learn Enough Python Sample App | {{ page_title }}</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/stylesheets/main.css">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400"
+          rel="stylesheet">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <a href="/" class="header-logo">
+      <img src="/static/images/logo_b.png" alt="Learn Enough logo">
+    </a>
+    <div class="container">
+      <header class="header">
+                              
+      </header>
+      <div class="content">
+        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
+

Listing_10.37.html

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<header class="header">
+  <nav>
+    <ul class="header-nav">
+      <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
+      <li><a href="/palindrome">Is It a Palindrome?</a></li>
+      <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
+    </ul>
+  </nav>
+</header>

Listing_10.38.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 3 items
+
+tests/test_site_pages.py F..                                             [100%]
+
+=================================== FAILURES ===================================
+__________________________________ test_index __________________________________
+.
+.
+.
+=========================== short test summary info ============================
+FAILED tests/test_site_pages.py::test_index - assert '<nav>' in '<!DOCTYPE ht...
+========================= 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.03s ==========================

Listing_10.39.html

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Learn Enough Python Sample App | {{ page_title }}</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/stylesheets/main.css">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400"
+          rel="stylesheet">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <a href="/" class="header-logo">
+      <img src="/static/images/logo_b.png" alt="Learn Enough logo">
+    </a>
+    <div class="container">
+      <header class="header">
+        {% include "navigation.html" %}
+      </header>
+      <div class="content">
+        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>

Listing_10.4.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(venv) $ flask --app palindrome_detector --debug run
+ * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/

Listing_10.40.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 3 items
+
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 3 passed in 0.01s ===============================

Listing_10.41.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+def test_index(client):
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert full_title("Home") in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+    assert "<nav>" in response.text
+
+def test_about(client):
+    response = client.get("/about")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert full_title("About") in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+
+def test_palindrome(client):
+    response = client.get("/palindrome")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert full_title("Palindrome Detector") in response.text
+    assert "<h1>" in response.text
+
+def full_title(variable_title):
+    """Return the full title."""
+    base_title = "Learn Enough Python Sample App"
+    return f"<title>{base_title} | {variable_title}</title>"

Listing_10.42.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import os
+from flask import Flask, render_template, request
+from palindrome.phrase import Phrase
+.
+.
+.

Listing_10.43.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+--extra-index-url https://testpypi.python.org/pypi
+click==8.1.3
+Flask==2.2.2
+.
+.
+.

Listing_10.44.html

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+
+{% block content %}
+  <h1>Palindrome Detector</h1>
+
+  <form id="palindrome_tester" action="/check" method="post">
+    <textarea name="phrase" rows="10" cols="60"></textarea>
+    <br>
+    <button class="form-submit" type="submit">Is it a palindrome?</button>
+  </form>
+{% endblock %}

Listing_10.45.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import os
+from flask import Flask, render_template, request
+from palindrome.phrase import Phrase
+
+def create_app(test_config=None):
+    .
+    .
+    .
+    @app.route("/")
+    def index():
+        page_title = "Home"
+        return render_template("index.html", page_title=page_title)
+
+    @app.route("/about")
+    def about():
+        page_title = "About"
+        return render_template("about.html", page_title=page_title)
+
+    @app.route("/palindrome")
+    def palindrome():
+        page_title = "Palindrome Detector"
+        return render_template("palindrome.html", page_title=page_title)
+
+    @app.route("/check", methods=("POST",))
+    def check():
+        return request.form
+
+    return app
+
+app = create_app()

Listing_10.46.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+if Phrase(phrase).ispalindrome():
+    print(f'"{phrase}" is a palindrome!"
+else:
+    print(f'"{phrase}" isn\'t a palindrome."

Listing_10.47.html

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{% if Phrase(phrase).ispalindrome() %}
+   "{{ phrase }}" is a palindrome!
+{% else %}
+   "{{ phrase }}" isn't a palindrome.
+{% endif %}

Listing_10.48.html

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+
+{% block content %}
+  <h1>Palindrome Result</h1>
+
+  {% if Phrase(phrase).ispalindrome() %}
+    <div class="result result-success">
+      <p>"{{ phrase }}" is a palindrome!</p>
+    </div>
+  {% else %}
+    <div class="result result-fail">
+      <p>"{{ phrase }}" isn't a palindrome.</p>
+    </div>
+  {% endif %}
+{% endblock %}

Listing_10.49.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import os
+from flask import Flask, render_template, request
+from palindrome.phrase import Phrase
+
+def create_app(test_config=None):
+    """Create and configure the app."""
+    app = Flask(__name__, instance_relative_config=True)
+
+    if test_config is None:
+        # Load the instance config, if it exists, when not testing.
+        app.config.from_pyfile("config.py", silent=True)
+    else:
+        # Load the test config if passed in.
+        app.config.from_mapping(test_config)
+
+    # Ensure the instance folder exists.
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(app.instance_path)
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+
+    @app.route("/")
+    def index():
+        page_title = "Home"
+        return render_template("index.html", page_title=page_title)
+
+    @app.route("/about")
+    def about():
+        page_title = "About"
+        return render_template("about.html", page_title=page_title)
+
+    @app.route("/palindrome")
+    def palindrome():
+        page_title = "Palindrome Detector"
+        return render_template("palindrome.html", page_title=page_title)
+
+    @app.route("/check", methods=("POST",))
+    def check():
+        return render_template("result.html",
+                               Phrase=Phrase,
+                               phrase=request.form["phrase"])
+
+    return app
+
+app = create_app()

Listing_10.5.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+venv/
+
+*.pyc
+__pycache__/
+
+instance/
+
+.pytest_cache/
+.coverage
+htmlcov/
+
+dist/
+build/
+*.egg-info/
+
+.DS_Store

Listing_10.50.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+def test_palindrome_page(client):
+    response = client.get("/palindrome")
+    assert form_tag() in response.text
+
+def form_tag():
+    return '<form id="palindrome_tester" action="/check" method="post">'

Listing_10.51.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+def test_palindrome_page(client):
+    response = client.get("/palindrome")
+    assert form_tag() in response.text
+
+def test_non_palindrome_submission(client):
+    phrase = "Not a palindrome."
+    response = client.post("/check", data={"phrase": phrase})
+    assert f'<p>"{phrase}" isn\'t a palindrome.</p>' in response.text
+
+def test_palindrome_submission(client):
+    phrase = "Sator Arepo tenet opera rotas"
+    response = client.post("/check", data={"phrase": phrase})
+    assert f'<p>"{phrase}" is a palindrome!</p>' in response.text
+
+def form_tag():
+    return '<form id="palindrome_tester" action="/check" method="post">'

Listing_10.52.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 6 items
+
+tests/test_palindrome.py ...                                             [ 50%]
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 6 passed in 0.03s ===============================

Listing_10.53.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+def test_palindrome_page(client):
+    response = client.get("/palindrome")
+    assert form_tag() in response.text
+
+def test_non_palindrome_submission(client):
+    phrase = "Not a palindrome."
+    response = client.post("/check", data={"phrase": phrase})
+    assert f'<p>"{phrase}" isn\'t a palindrome.</p>' in response.text
+    assert form_tag() in response.text
+
+def test_palindrome_submission(client):
+    phrase = "Sator Arepo tenet opera rotas"
+    response = client.post("/check", data={"phrase": phrase})
+    assert f'<p>"{phrase}" is a palindrome!</p>' in response.text
+
+def form_tag():
+    return '<form id="palindrome_tester" action="/check" method="post">'

Listing_10.54.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 6 items
+
+tests/test_palindrome.py .FF                                             [ 50%]
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+=================================== FAILURES ===================================
+________________________ test_non_palindrome_submission ________________________
+.
+.
+.
+=========================== short test summary info ============================
+FAILED tests/test_palindrome.py::test_non_palindrome_submission - assert '<fo...
+FAILED tests/test_palindrome.py::test_palindrome_submission - assert '<form i...
+========================= 2 failed, 4 passed in 0.04s ==========================

Listing_10.55.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+
+{% block content %}
+  <h1>Palindrome Result</h1>
+
+  {% if ispalindrome %}
+    <div class="result result-success">
+      <p>"{{ phrase }}" is a palindrome!</p>
+    </div>
+  {% else %}
+    <div class="result result-fail">
+      <p>"{{ phrase }}" isn't a palindrome.</p>
+    </div>
+  {% endif %}
+
+  <form id="palindrome_tester" action="/check" method="post">
+    <textarea name="phrase" rows="10" cols="60"></textarea>
+    <br>
+    <button class="form-submit" type="submit">Is it a palindrome?</button>
+  </form>
+{% endblock %}

Listing_10.56.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 6 items
+
+tests/test_palindrome.py ...                                             [ 50%]
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 6 passed in 0.03s ===============================

Listing_10.57.html

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<form id="palindrome_tester" action="/check" method="post">
+  <textarea name="phrase" rows="10" cols="60"></textarea>
+  <br>
+  <button class="form-submit" type="submit">Is it a palindrome?</button>
+</form>

Listing_10.58.html

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+
+{% block content %}
+  <h1>Palindrome Result</h1>
+
+  {% if ispalindrome %}
+    <div class="result result-success">
+      <p>"{{ phrase }}" is a palindrome!</p>
+    </div>
+  {% else %}
+    <div class="result result-fail">
+      <p>"{{ phrase }}" isn't a palindrome.</p>
+    </div>
+  {% endif %}
+
+  <h2>Try another one!</h2>
+
+  {% include "palindrome_form.html" %}
+{% endblock %}

Listing_10.59.html

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+
+{% block content %}
+  <h1>Palindrome Detector</h1>
+
+  {% include "palindrome_form.html" %}
+{% endblock %}

Listing_10.6.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(venv) $ flyctl auth login --interactive

Listing_10.60.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(venv) $ pytest
+============================= test session starts ==============================
+collected 6 items
+
+tests/test_palindrome.py ...                                             [ 50%]
+tests/test_site_pages.py ...                                             [100%]
+
+============================== 6 passed in 0.03s ===============================

Listing_10.61.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(venv) $ pip install --upgrade your-package \
+> --index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/

Listing_10.7.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(venv) $ flyctl launch

Listing_10.8.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+web: gunicorn palindrome_detector:app

Listing_10.9.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(venv) $ deactivate
+$ rm -rf venv/
+$ python3 -m venv venv
+$ source venv/bin/activate
+(venv) $ pip install -r requirements.txt
+(venv) $ flask --app palindrome_detector --debug run
+ * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/

Listing_11.1.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+venv/
+
+*.pyc
+__pycache__/
+
+instance/
+
+.pytest_cache/
+.coverage
+htmlcov/
+
+dist/
+build/
+*.egg-info/
+
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+
+.DS_Store

Listing_11.10.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+>>> sizes = {"tiny": 4, "small": 8, "mid": 12, "big": 16, "huge": 24}
+>>> df["Size"].map(sizes)
+0     4
+1     8
+2    12
+3    16
+4    24

Listing_11.11.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+>>> nobel.head()
+   id       firstname  ...       city          country
+0   1  Wilhelm Conrad  ...     Munich          Germany
+1   2      Hendrik A.  ...     Leiden  the Netherlands
+2   3          Pieter  ...  Amsterdam  the Netherlands
+3   4           Henri  ...      Paris           France
+4   5          Pierre  ...      Paris           France
+[5 rows x 20 columns]

Listing_11.12.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+>>> nobel.loc[nobel["firstname"].str.contains("Kip")]
+      id firstname surname  ...                      name city country
+916  943    Kip S.  Thorne  ...  LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration  NaN     NaN

Listing_11.13.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+>>> curies = nobel.loc[nobel["surname"].str.contains("Curie", na=False)]
+>>> curies
+      id firstname  ...   city country
+4      5    Pierre  ...  Paris  France
+5      6     Marie  ...    NaN     NaN
+6      6     Marie  ...  Paris  France
+191  194     Irène  ...  Paris  France

Listing_11.14.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+>>> laureates = nobel.groupby(["id", "firstname", "surname"])
+>>> sizes = laureates.size()
+>>> sizes[sizes > 1]
+id   firstname  surname
+6    Marie      Curie      2
+66   John       Bardeen    2
+217  Linus      Pauling    2
+222  Frederick  Sanger     2

Listing_11.15.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+>>> nobel.hist(column="lifespan")
+array([[<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'lifespan'}>]], dtype=object)
+>>> plt.show()

Listing_11.16.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+>>> titanic["Age"].notna()
+Name
+Braund, Mr. Owen Harris                                 True
+Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Thayer)     True
+Heikkinen, Miss. Laina                                  True
+Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)            True
+Allen, Mr. William Henry                                True
+                                                       ...
+Montvila, Rev. Juozas                                   True
+Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith                            True
+Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie"               False
+Behr, Mr. Karl Howell                                   True
+Dooley, Mr. Patrick                                     True
+Name: Age, Length: 891, dtype: bool
+>>> valid_ages = titanic[titanic["Age"].notna()]

Listing_11.17.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+titanic[(titanic["Sex"] == "female") &
+        (titanic["Pclass"] == 3)]["Survived"].mean()

Listing_11.18.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+male_passengers = titanic[titanic["Sex"] == "male"]
+female_passengers = titanic[titanic["Sex"] == "female"]
+valid_male_ages = male_passengers[titanic["Age"].notna()]
+valid_female_ages = female_passengers[titanic["Age"].notna()]

Listing_11.19.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+>>> from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

Listing_11.2.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(venv) $ pip install numpy==1.23.3 \
+> matplotlib==3.6.1 \
+> pandas==1.5.0 \
+> scikit-learn==1.1.2

Listing_11.20.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
+from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
+from sklearn.linear_model import Perceptron
+from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
+from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

Listing_11.21.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+                        Model
+Score
+0.854749  Decision Tree
+0.854749  Random Forest
+0.787709  Logistic Regression
+0.770950  Naive Bayes
+0.743017  Perceptron